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Parts of the ladybird beetle pupae. |
| To identify the pupae, there are several characters on the ventral
aspect (not pictured here) that distinguish one species from another.
The pupal key provided by Phuoc and Stehr (1974) is an excellent
key, however such characters are too difficult to use in field identification;
especially when the objective is to leave the pupae undisturbed.
Therefore, dorsal characters and the last larval
exuvia are used for identification. |
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To identify pupae, we use a combination of characters from Phouc
and Stehr, and ones that we developed that are easy to use in the
field.
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