Entomology 4015: Ornamentals and Turf Entomology

Lab Gallery

Insect Orders		Greenhouse Pests/ BC		Landscape Natural Enemies		Turf Pests
Lepidoptera		Aphids and Scales		True Bugs		White Grubs/ Scarab Beetles
Diptera		Thrips		Lacewings		Weevils
Hymenoptera		Biological Control		Beetles		Chinch/ False Chinch Bugs
Hemiptera		Mites		Flies		Leafhoppers
Coleoptera		Nematodes		Wasps/Ants		Caterpillars/ Moths
				Pathogens
				Spiders

***Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera***

Family Pyralidae Same as sod webworm	Variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia	Clover cutworm, Discestra trifolii	Bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata

Pale western cutworm adult, Agrotis orthogonia		Other adult cutworm moths Note the fine, thin antennae

Saturniidae antennae: male Antheraea polyphemus (L) and female Hyalophora cecropia		Close up of  H. cecropia wing	Forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Lasiocampidae)	Peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa (Sessiidae)	Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Arctiidae)
Gypsy moth larva, Lymantria dispar (Lymantriidae)		Gypsy moth pupa	Gypsy moth adult male	Gypsy moth adult female	Gypsy moth eggs
Gypsy moth life cycle	Unidentified larva	Spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Tortricidae)		Tortricid moths (Tortricidae)
Spring cankerworm, Paleacrita vernata, adult male (L), female (M), and eggs (R) (Geometridae)			Skippers (Hesperiidae)		Satyridae

Back to Top
 

***Class Insecta, Order Diptera***

Crane fly (Tipulidae)	Midges (Chironomidae)		Mosquitos (Culicidae); only females feed on blood
Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Cecidomyidae)		Long-legged fly (Dolichopodidae)	Small fruit fly (Drosophilidae)	Leafminer fly (Agromyzidae)	Black fly (Simuliidae)

Horse fly (Tabanidae)		Deer fly (Tabanidae)		Deer fly antennae

House fly, Musca domestica (Muscidae)			Bot fly (Oestridae)
Blow flies (Calliphoridae)

Diptera: Landscape Biocontrol Agents

Sarcophagid flies: adult and larva (Sarcophagidae); one species (Sarcophaga aldrichi) is a parasitoid of forest tent caterpillar
Syrphid flies (Syrphidae); larvae are predators of aphids

Robber flies (Asilidae); adults are generalist predators
Tachinid flies (Tachinidae); larvae are parasitoids
	Tachinid flies		Tachinid antennae	Tachinid pupa and larva

Back to Top
 

***Class Insecta, Order Hymenoptera***

Sawflies (Diprionidae and Tenthredinidae)

Sawfly larvae

Sweat bee (Halictidae)		Leafcutting bee (Megachilidae)		Carpenter bee (Anthophoridae)
Bumble bee, Bombus sp. (Apidae)		Honey bee, Apis mellifera (Apidae)		Honey bee larva	Honey bee pupa

Cynipid wasps (Cynipidae)			Cucko wasps (Chrysididae)

Hymenoptera: Landscape Biocontrol Agents

Yellowjackets, Vespula sp. (Vespidae); generalist predators
Paper wasps, Polistes sp. (Vespidae); generalist predators			Polistes nest

Baldfaced hornet, Dolichovespula maculata (Vespidae); generalists; L-R: adult, larva, pupa, and nest covering
Sphecid wasps (Sphecidae); provision nests with insects or spiders
	Sphecid wasp		Sphecid pupae
Ants (Formicidae); generalist predators; feed on honeydew			Carpenter ant, Camponotus sp., and damage
Parasitic wasps (superfamily Chalcidoidea); larvae are parasitoids				Parasitoid (no ID)	Braconid parasitoid (Braconidae)
Ichneumonid parasitoids (Ichneumonidae); dried specimens sometimes lose appendages such as antennae

Back to Top
 

***Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera***

Hemiptera: Landscape Biocontrol Agents

Assassin bugs (Reduviidae); adults and nymphs are generalist predators

Spined soldier bug, Podisus sp. (Pentatomidae); adults and nymphs are generalist predators

Back to Top

Hemiptera: Turf

Chinch bug, Blissus sp.		False chinch bug, Nyssius sp.

Back to Top

Leafhoppers (Cicadellidae); some species are found in turf

Back to Top

***Greenhouse Pests and Biological Control***

Aphids and Scales: Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera

Aphids (Family Aphididae)		Parasitized aphids and aphid mummies; note the thrips in the right photo

Family Ortheziidae (primitive relatives of scale insects); note the long white ovisac on the abdomen

Brown soft scales and crawlers (Family Coccidae)		Brown soft scales (Coccidae) and armored scales (Family Diaspididae)		Soft scale crawlers under female cover (Family Coccidae)

Citrus mealybugs, crawlers, and ovisacs (Family Pseudococcidae)		Mealybug crawler	Longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcidae)

Back to Top

Thrips: Class Insecta, Order Thysanoptera, Family Thripidae

Greenhouse thrips adults		Greenhouse thrips nymphs		Western flower thrips adult	Leaf damage

Back to Top

Greenhouse Biological Control: Class Insecta

Red scale parasitoid, Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae); larvae are parasitoids of armored scales			Mealybug destroyer, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae); specialist predators

Green lacewing larva (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae); generalist predators (right: eating another larva)				Orius sp., minute pirate bug (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

Back to Top

Mites: Class Arachnida, Order Acari

Twospotted spider mite (Family Tetranychidae, left) and predatory mites (Family Phytoseiidae)

Back to Top

Spiders: Class Arachnida, Order Araneae

Tarantulas: Theraphosidae (not in MN)		Brown spiders: Sicariidae
Pinktoe tarantula, Avicularia avicularia	Chilean rose tarantula, Grammostola rosea	Brown recluse, Loxosceles reclusa (not in Minnesota)
Cobweb weavers: Theridiidae (black widow not in MN)
Southern black widow, Latrodectus mactans	Western black widow, Latrodectus hesperus	Common house spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum	Steatoda triangulosa (common in houses)
Orb weavers: Araneidae
Neoscona crucifera (UMN display garden)	Bridge orb weaver, Larinioides sclopetaria	Yellow garden spider, Argiope aurantia	Cross spider, Araneus diadematus
Jumping spiders: Salticidae
Bold jumper, Phidippus audax (some individuals have an orange spot)		Familiar jumper, Platycryptus undatus	Zebra jumper, Salticus scenicus
Funnel weavers: Agelenidae			Tetragnathidae
Domestic house spider, Tegenaria domestica, F (L) and M (R)		Grass spider, Agelenopsis sp.	Long-jawed orb weaver, Tetragnatha sp.
Crab spiders: Thomisidae			Clubionidae
Xysticus sp. with eggs and 2nd instar spiderling (UMN poplar fields)		Goldenrod crab spider, Misumena vatia	Sac spider (unknown sp.)
Lycosidae	Pisauridae	Pholcidae	Miturgidae
Wolf spider (unknown sp.)	Fishing spider, Dolomedes tenebrosus	Cellar spider, Pholcus phalangioides	Yellow sac spider, Cheiracanthium inclusum

Back to Top

Nematodes: Phylum Nematoda

Back to Top
 

Lacewings and Pathogens

Green lacewing (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae); larvae are predators			Beauveria bassiana (fungal pathogen) on adult elm leaf beetle

Back to Top

Beetles: Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera

Soldier beetle (Cantharidae); larvae are predators	Pink spotted lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculata (Coccinellidae); adults and larvae are generalist predators		Rove beetle (Staphylinidae); ground predators

Ground beetle (Carabidae); ground-dwelling predators		Tiger beetle (Cicindellidae); adults are running predators; larvae hide in the ground and wait for unsuspecting prey

Back to Top

***Turf Pests***

White Grubs/ Scarab Beetles: Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera, Family Scarabeidae

White grub	May/ June Beetle, Phyllophaga sp.		Close up of leg	Green June beetle, Cotinis nitida
Masked chafer, Cyclocephala sp.		False Japanese beetle, Strigoderma arbicola		Anomala binotata

Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica; note 5 tuffs of white hair on abdomen

Very small Aphodiine scarabs; Aphodius and Ataenius are in this group

Back to Top

Weevils: Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera, Family Curculionidae

Bluegrass billbug, Sphenophorus parvulus		Close up of mouthparts

Back to Top

URL: http//www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/4015/lab/photos.htm Last Revised: December 28, 2007 © The University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer.